Preparing Seniors for Surgery
By Orlando Senior Help Desk at Jewish Pavilion Senior Services
Surgery can be challenging at any age, but research shows that older adults face a higher risk of complications both during and after surgical procedures. At the Orlando Senior Help Desk, a free community service of Jewish Pavilion Senior Services, we are committed to helping seniors and their families navigate these medical decisions with confidence and support.
According to the Society for the Advancement of Geriatric Anesthesia, older adults are more sensitive to medications and anesthesia. The same dose of a drug can have a stronger effect on seniors because their bodies process medications more slowly. As a result, side effects may be more pronounced and last longer. This increased sensitivity makes careful planning essential before any surgical procedure.
One common concern for seniors is postoperative cognitive changes. Some individuals experience temporary confusion, known as postoperative delirium, while others may develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which can include memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Physicians recommend cognitive screenings before surgery to establish a baseline and reduce the risk of long-term effects. Avoiding certain medications, especially sedatives such as benzodiazepines, may also help minimize complications.
Important Steps to Take Before Surgery
Build your medical team.
Meet with your surgeon and anesthesiologist in advance. Ask whether the surgery is truly necessary and what benefits it will provide. Seniors who take multiple medications may benefit from consulting a geriatric specialist or geriatric anesthesiologist, who has specialized training in caring for older adults.
If you are experiencing depression, it is critical to seek treatment before surgery. Studies show that untreated depression may increase surgical risks. Mental health providers can work with your medical team to adjust medications safely.
Ask questions.
Knowledge reduces anxiety. Prepare a list of questions, including:
What does the procedure involve?
Where will the surgery take place?
What type of anesthesia will I receive?
Who will administer my anesthesia?
How long will the surgery last?
What side effects should I expect?
When can I go home?
How long is recovery?
Prepare for your preoperative appointment.
During this visit, your doctor will review your medical history, allergies, medications, and support system. You may discuss:
Lab tests
Dietary restrictions
Anesthesia options
Possible physical and cognitive risks
Post-surgical care and support
Share a complete medication list.
Bring a written list of all prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and alcohol use. Certain medications increase the risk of delirium and other complications. Keeping an updated medication record is one of the most important safety steps seniors can take.
Lean on your support network.
Family and caregivers play a crucial role in recovery. They can help by:
Making sure glasses and hearing aids are available
Placing a calendar and family photos in your room
Requesting a room with a window
Monitoring physical and mental changes after surgery
Caregivers should watch for confusion, memory problems, or unusual behavior and report concerns to medical staff promptly.
We Are Here to Help
The Orlando Senior Help Desk is a free, non-denominational resource offering guidance and referrals to seniors and their families. Whether you have questions about surgery, recovery, caregiving, or long-term care options, our experienced social workers are here to support you. Call 407-678-9363 to speak with a knowledgeable member of the team. You are not alone. Let us help you make informed decisions and ensure the best possible outcomes for you or your loved one.